First edition, first printing of the French philosopher's breakthrough work. Signed by Michel Foucault and inscribed to French teacher, writer, literary critic and editor, "A Monsieur Maurice Nadeau / en hommage respectueux / MF." A press copy (service de presse) with "SP" emboss to rear cover and last several leaves. 400pp. plus folding plate at rear. Bound in publisher's original printed wraps with French flaps; housed in a custom slipcase. Near Fine with reading creases to spine, light wear and light toning to covers. A lovely copy. An examination of the origins of the modern human sciences through an "archaeological" approach to the history of thought, analyzing how the meaning of knowledge has developed over centuries and shaped Western civilization.