Books

Fourth edition of "the first and greatest classic of modern economic thought" (PMM), an uncut and partly unopened copy in a contemporary binding, a reprint of the third edition of 1784 with minor variations. In his Wealth of Nations, Smith "begins with the thought that labour is the source from which a nation derives what is necessary to it. The improvement of the division of labour is the measure of productivity and in it lies the human propensity to barter and exchange … The Wealth of Nations ends with a history of economic development, a definitive onslaught on the mercantile system, and some prophetic speculations on the limits of economic control" (PMM). "The Wealth of Nations had no rival in scope or depth when published and is still one of the few works in its field to have achieved classic status, meaning simply that it has sustained yet survived repeated reading, critical and adulatory, long after the circumstances which prompted it have become the object of historical enquiry" (ODNB). "The 'Advertisement to the Fourth Edition' announces that no alterations of any kind have been made. Cannan noted some small variations, which can be attributed to small misreadings or unauthorized corrections by the printers. The division between volumes is identical to that in the 3rd Edition, and Vol. II Bk. IV Ch. 8 is this time included in the Table of Contents" (Tribe). Provenance: engraved armorial bookplate of Talbot of Gonvile's Hall in Wymondham, Norfolk, to each front pastedown; earlier ownership signature of B. C. Hingham dated June [17]87 above. Binder's note in ink on front blank endpaper of vol. I: "3 V. 0.18.0 in hf bind." READ MORE Three vols, octavo (228 x 138 mm), pp. viii, 499, [1]; vi, 518, [6]; [v], iv-v, [1], 465, [1], [50] (index). Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, red morocco spine labels. Complete with the conjugate blank leaf before title in vol. III, the top edge unopened. Spines with some surface wear and vertical cracks, consolidated at the head, one joint partly cracked but sound, minimal loss of the marbled paper covering; very occasional light spotting and the odd short marginal tear; a lovely example of a modest provincial binding, entirely uncut and partly unopened. Goldsmiths' 13148; Kress B.1129; Tribe 30; Vanderblue, p. 3. See Printing and the Mind of Man 221; Loudon, J. H., James Scott and William Scott bookbinders, Scolar Press, 1980.

"The Wealth of Nations" is a seminal work by the Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith, published in 1776. It is considered one of the foundational texts of modern economics and a cornerstone in understanding the principles of capitalism and free-market economies. Smith's primary focus is to analyze the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. He introduces the concept of the "invisible hand," arguing that individuals pursuing their self-interest in a competitive market inadvertently contribute to the overall economic well-being of society. Smith illustrates how the division of labor leads to increased productivity and efficiency within industries, consequently fostering economic growth. He emphasizes that specialization allows workers to become more skilled and efficient at their tasks, leading to higher output. Central to Smith's ideas is the notion of free trade and the benefits it brings. He advocates for minimal government intervention in economic affairs, believing that markets left to operate freely tend to regulate themselves through the forces of supply and demand. However, Smith also acknowledges the importance of certain governmental roles, such as providing public goods, maintaining infrastructure, enforcing contracts, and protecting society from external threats. Smith criticizes mercantilism, the prevailing economic system of his time, which emphasized accumulating wealth through a positive balance of trade and a strong focus on exporting while limiting imports. He argues that this approach is counterproductive and advocates for free trade, stating that a nation's wealth is not solely measured by its stock of gold and silver but by the productivity and living standards of its people. Furthermore, Smith discusses the role of wages, profits, and rent in the economy, addressing factors influencing each and their impacts on economic development. He delves into the relationship between economic growth, capital accumulation, and technological progress, highlighting the significance of innovation and investment in driving long-term prosperity. In essence, "The Wealth of Nations" provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying economic systems, advocating for free markets, individual liberty, and limited government intervention as the pillars for generating wealth and fostering societal advancement. Its influence extends across various fields, shaping economic thought and policy for centuries to come.